Drug Alcohol Depend. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2006 February 7.
PMCID: PMC1361278
NIHMSID: NIHMS5747
Published in final edited form as:
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2005 February 14; 77(2): 161–168.
doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.07.014.
Copyright notice and Disclaimer

Reinforcing and discriminative stimulus effects of 1-benzylpiperazine and trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine in rhesus monkeys

W.E. Fantegrossi,a* G. Winger,a J.H. Woods,a W.L. Woolverton,b and A. Coopc

2.1. Animals
2.1.1. Self-administration experiments. Adult rhesus monkeys (n = 3 for BZP alone and in combination with TFMPP, n = 4 for TFMPP) served as subjects. All animals weighed between 6.5 and 12 kg and had extensive drug self-administration histories prior to the initiation of the present studies. Animals were individually housed in stainless steel cages fitted with operant panels, and each monkey wore a Teflon mesh jacket (Lomir, Québec, Canada) connected to a flexible stainless steel spring arm attached to the rear of the cage. Animals were fed Purina monkey chow twice per day, and water was available ad libitum. Daily fresh fruit and other treats supplemented this diet. In accordance with IACUC requirements, environmental enrichment toys were also provided on a regular rotating basis.

Restrictive Teflon Mesh Jackets used in these experiments

2.1.2. Drug discrimination experiments. Adult rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta; n = 3, two males and one female) served as subjects. All monkeys had extensive drug histories prior to the start of the present studies. Monkeys were individually housed in stainless steel cages with water available continuously. Feeding consisted of 110–200 g of Teklad Monkey Chow approximately 3 h after each session and a chewable vitamin tablet 3 days/week.

2.2. Procedure
2.2.1. Self-administration procedure. Subjects had been previously implanted with indwelling intravenous catheters in either an internal or external jugular, femoral, or brachial vein under ketamine (10 mg/kg, i.m.) and xylazine (2 mg/kg i.m.) anesthesia. Catheters were run subcutaneously from the site of implantation to an exit site in the middle of the back. Tubing was then fed through the steel spring arm and passed to the outside rear of the cage where it was connected to drug supplies and additional infusion lines that passed through the rollers of the infusion pump. Operation of the infusion pump delivered 1 ml of drug solution over 5 s.

Two 60-min experimental sessions were conducted each day: a morning session starting at 10:00 h and an afternoon session starting at 16:00 h. The onset of each session was signaled by illumination of a red stimulus light. In the presence of this light, the 10th response on the lever beneath it resulted in the operation of the infusion pump (FR10). During the 5-s infusion duration, the red stimulus light was extinguished, the center green light was illuminated, and further lever presses had no programmed consequences. Immediately following the termination of each infusion, all stimulus lights were extinguished for a 1-min timeout period (TO 1 min) during which lever presses continued to have no programmed consequences. Each TO period counted toward the total 60-min session time.