A Wildlife Article used with permission from All-Creatures.org

Ed Boks reports on new technology that can gather data about non-human animals by collecting DNA in the air and discusses the implications this may have for privacy and surveillance.

A New Way to Track Every Living Thing—No Cameras, No Traps, Just Air
From Ed Boks, Animal Politics with Ed Boks, AnimalPolitics.substack.com
June 2025

Images from Canva

The wind carries more than weather—it carries the whispers of life.

It begins with a whisper you can’t hear—the genetic echoes of life drifting invisibly in every breath of wind. Now, scientists are learning to listen.

Armed with nothing more than filters, fans, and sequencers, researchers are capturing genetic traces from the air and identifying the plants, animals, fungi, and microbes that live all around us—often without ever being seen. This is the revolutionary promise of airborne environmental DNA, or eDNA: a scientific breakthrough that allows us to read the wild without disturbing it.

And with the world’s wildlife populations plummeting by more than two-thirds since 1970, this breakthrough could not come at a more critical moment.

What Is Airborne eDNA?

All organisms—whether bear or bacterium—shed bits of DNA into their environment. Traditionally, eDNA studies relied on soil and water samples. But today, researchers are sampling the air itself. Using small fan-powered filters placed in forests, caves, and cities, they capture floating biological particles: spores, pollen, skin cells, fur, and more.

Back in the lab, this genetic material is sequenced and compared against vast databases, providing a remarkably detailed inventory of life present in the area—without ever needing a camera trap or physical encounter.

Field-Proven: Bats, Biodiversity, and New Discoveries

In a groundbreaking study published by Nature Communications in 2023, researchers installed air samplers in 12 tropical bat roosts in Belize. They detected bat DNA in 9 of them—including the white-winged vampire bat (Diaemus youngi), which had never been physically documented at that location.

This wasn’t just scientific novelty—it was a conservation breakthrough. No nets. No disruptions. Just air, filtered and decoded.

Meanwhile, scientists in Sweden combed through 34 years of archived air filters and found traces of over 2,700 genera, documenting long-term changes linked to habitat loss and climate trends.

And just this month, a Danish team conducted the first-ever national airborne eDNA survey. By repurposing existing air-quality monitoring stations across 300 sites, they detected over 1,100 taxa, from mammals and birds to fungi and protists.

Why It Matters for Animal Advocates

Airborne eDNA isn’t just a clever trick—it could change how we protect animals:

• Non-invasive monitoring for rare, elusive, or stressed species without disturbing them or their habitats


• Early detection of invasive species or wildlife diseases, allowing for rapid response


• Long-term ecological insight from archived filters, revealing decades of ecosystem changes and biodiversity trends


• Cost-effective surveys over large or remote areas

For those of us advocating for animals and ecosystems, it’s hard to overstate the significance. This is the first tool in decades that can scale without cruelty, capture, or costly intervention.

The Ethical Airspace: A Wake-Up Call

But there’s a catch.

Airborne eDNA can also detect human DNA—even enough to reveal ancestry. A study in Dublin showed how ambient air in public spaces carried measurable amounts of human genetic material.

That opens some uncomfortable questions:

• Who owns the DNA floating in shared air?


• Can these tools be used for surveillance or policing?


• Should people be notified when their DNA is captured unintentionally?

We’ve seen where unregulated surveillance leads. The same technology that protects wildlife could be turned against communities—particularly marginalized ones.

A Role for the Animal Welfare Movement

Animal advocates know better than anyone how easily “data-driven” strategies can be misused. We’ve seen shelters fudge metrics, agencies misrepresent outcomes, and “no-kill” claims conceal suffering.

Now is the time to step up and help guide this technology:

• Demand ethical guidelines for eDNA sampling


• Push for transparency in how and where it's used


• Insist on animal and human privacy protections


• Promote archiving and access for public-interest science

Contact your state legislators, environmental agencies, and national organizations like the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service or the Environmental Protection Agency. Urge them to adopt clear, enforceable standards before this powerful tool outpaces regulation.

This is a rare moment when animal protection and environmental policy can move in tandem—and your voice can help ensure both are respected.

The Bigger Picture

This innovation arrives as the natural world teeters on a precipice. A 2022 WWF report estimates that global wildlife populations have declined by 69% since 1970. Entire ecosystems are collapsing before they can even be fully documented.

Meanwhile, programs like the Ocean Census are discovering hundreds of new species in unexplored marine habitats—reminding us just how much we still don’t know.

Airborne eDNA could bridge that gap—capturing what’s left of our vanishing biodiversity, in time to save it.

Conclusion: The Wind Remembers

There is something deeply poetic about this technology.

For the first time, the air itself has become a witness—a record of life, loss, and survival. The wild is speaking, not with roars or songs, but with fragments. With whispers. With breath.

As Percy Bysshe Shelley wrote,

“O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn’s being,
Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead
Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing…”

Now, the wind carries not just leaves, but the very DNA of life—remnants and memories, scattered across the world. The air becomes both destroyer and preserver, holding stories of what has been and what may yet come.

Whether we choose to listen, and act, is up to us.

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Posted on All-Creatures.org: June 18, 2025
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