Thanks to innovation, creativity, and dedication, many scientists have developed new approaches that do not use animals. These human-specific approaches are more relevant to humans because they utilize human cells, tissues, and data, and allow researchers to model complexity and population diversity in ways that animal testing never could. Examples include advanced methods that are available for use today, like organs-on-chips, reconstructed tissue models, and computer simulations, as well as methods in development that use patient-specific information to create virtual digital patients.
Dogs, mice, rats, nonhuman primates, cats, rabbits, pigs, guinea
pigs, and other animals all make the list. These animals undergo
painful experiments that would be prosecutable as cruelty if they
occurred outside the protected walls of scientific laboratories.
One could make a purely ethical argument for change, but there are
valid reasons to abandon animal pharmaceutical testing beyond ethics
alone. Human patients need safe and effective medications. Most
human diseases have no treatment, despite billions of research
dollars spent year after year. When effective treatments are
developed, many include a long list of undesirable side effects.
The FDA and the pharmaceutical industry recognize that it is time to
do better than animal tests; they both acknowledge the need for
human-specific approaches to study human outcomes. Moving from
acknowledgement to acceptance of human-specific approaches in lieu
of animal tests requires action from all stakeholders.
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