An unprecedented number of scientific publications now highlight the poor human relevance of data from these approaches using animal models. For example, greater than 90% of new drugs fail in human trials, mostly due to problems with efficacy and safety.

There is an increasing appreciation of the urgent need to take positive steps to ensure that biomedical research and testing is based on science of the very highest quality. Research and testing programs must comprise the very best, most reliable, productive, and relevant scientific methods. If they don’t, they are failing those who fund, and who stand to benefit from, those endeavors.
This is perhaps especially important right now, as investigative methods
that could barely have been envisioned in recent history are not only being
developed, but also are presenting genuine and exciting opportunities for
scientists to push the envelope.
This overview is intended to provide a snapshot of some salient and exciting
developments and breakthroughs in various areas of biomedical research. It
aims to help scientists and non-scientists alike appreciate what is being
done, in technologies centered around human-specific cell, tissue and organ
culture.
Their major promise and evident advantage are that they provide more human relevance than, for example, animal models and simpler methods of cell and tissue culture (such as 2D monolayer cultures of immortalized cells).
An unprecedented number of scientific publications now highlight the poor human relevance of data from these approaches. For example, greater than 90% of new drugs fail in human trials, mostly due to problems with efficacy and safety....
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