Because animal foods require vastly more energy and resources to produce than plant foods, a dietary shift away from animal products can be far more effective than simply buying local as a means of lowering one’s food-related environmental impact.
The local (or locavore) food movement focuses on the concept of
“food miles” as a barometer of environmental impact and
sustainability. Foods that travel less between producer and consumer
are overwhelmingly perceived as more eco-friendly.
Thus, despite the inherently resource-intensive nature of raising
animals for food, many advocates for environmentally responsible
eating promote local animal agriculture as part of a sustainable
food system.
But while there are many good reasons to source our food closer to
home, prioritizing local foods is not inherently the most
eco-friendly food choice.
This is because a food’s environmental impact isn’t just based on
food miles. The full carbon footprint of a given food is based on a
measure known as Life Cycle Assessment (LCA).
Factors that affect a food’s LCA are energy use, water use, land use, greenhouse gas emissions, harvesting methods, packaging materials, storage and preparation techniques, and other production and post production-related activities.
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Transport truck on the way to the slaughterhouse...